Fed liquidity collapse sparks global shift toward XRP settlement systems. Analysts link $2.5 trillion RRP drain to rising XRP demand. Experts warn liquidity migration marks new phase in digital finance. According to Pumpius, the Federal Reserve’s $2.5 trillion liquidity framework has collapsed, triggering widespread concern across global markets. Verified FRED data shows that the Fed’s Overnight Reverse Repurchase (ON RRP) facility has plunged from $2.55 trillion to only $2.4 billion. This decline marks the exhaustion of a system that once managed the world’s excess liquidity. Market observers say this sudden shift means funds once parked in the RRP facility are now flooding into broader financial markets. Bank reserves are currently estimated at $2.93 trillion, nearing the stress point that caused the 2019 repo crisis. Analysts warn that liquidity conditions are tightening rapidly as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) climbs above 4.2%. RRP Drain Sparks Demand for Real-Time Settlement Assets Experts note that the RRP collapse has triggered unusual movement across institutional settlement channels. Multiple liquidity desks have reported that as RRP levels drop, the demand for real-time settlement assets such as XRP rises. According to Pumpius, this correlation is not a coincidence but a sign of systemic realignment. Also Read: Solana Explodes Past $200 as Bitcoin’s Surge Triggers Massive Bull Run BREAKING: The Fed’s $2.5 Trillion Liquidity Bomb Has Gone Off The unthinkable just became reality. The Federal Reserve’s ON RRP facility, once the backbone of global liquidity control, has collapsed from 2.55 trillion dollars to 2.4 billion dollars. Verified FRED data,… pic.twitter.com/VjEPhOlCNy — Pumpius (@pumpius) October 26, 2025 Ripple’s XRP Ledger was developed to enable fast, on-demand cross-border settlements. As liquidity leaves traditional holding systems, financial institutions are turning toward more efficient platforms capable of instant value transfer. This growing interest aligns with Ripple’s decade-long effort to integrate settlement solutions into the global banking infrastructure. Economists estimate that the United States faces a $24 to $28 trillion debt rollover between 2025 and 2027. Consequently, market liquidity is being redirected from traditional instruments into digital settlement systems that offer speed and cost efficiency. This trend reflects a deeper structural change in how global finance manages liquidity and settlement. Markets Enter a New Liquidity Phase Financial analysts believe the Federal Reserve’s diminishing control over liquidity signals the start of a new era. As central mechanisms weaken, digital settlement systems like the XRP Ledger are stepping into a central role in value transfer. Market indicators are beginning to lose relevance in the face of this liquidity migration. Institutional attention is now fixed on how digital settlement technologies will reshape financial flows. The global liquidity cycle has shifted, and the next phase of financial infrastructure may already be unfolding through systems built for real-time value exchange. Also Read: Bitcoin Leads Crypto Market Surge as Ethereum and XRP Record Strong Gains The post Fed’s $2.5 Trillion Liquidity Bomb: The XRP Connection Will Shock You appeared first on 36Crypto. Fed liquidity collapse sparks global shift toward XRP settlement systems. Analysts link $2.5 trillion RRP drain to rising XRP demand. Experts warn liquidity migration marks new phase in digital finance. According to Pumpius, the Federal Reserve’s $2.5 trillion liquidity framework has collapsed, triggering widespread concern across global markets. Verified FRED data shows that the Fed’s Overnight Reverse Repurchase (ON RRP) facility has plunged from $2.55 trillion to only $2.4 billion. This decline marks the exhaustion of a system that once managed the world’s excess liquidity. Market observers say this sudden shift means funds once parked in the RRP facility are now flooding into broader financial markets. Bank reserves are currently estimated at $2.93 trillion, nearing the stress point that caused the 2019 repo crisis. Analysts warn that liquidity conditions are tightening rapidly as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) climbs above 4.2%. RRP Drain Sparks Demand for Real-Time Settlement Assets Experts note that the RRP collapse has triggered unusual movement across institutional settlement channels. Multiple liquidity desks have reported that as RRP levels drop, the demand for real-time settlement assets such as XRP rises. According to Pumpius, this correlation is not a coincidence but a sign of systemic realignment. Also Read: Solana Explodes Past $200 as Bitcoin’s Surge Triggers Massive Bull Run BREAKING: The Fed’s $2.5 Trillion Liquidity Bomb Has Gone Off The unthinkable just became reality. The Federal Reserve’s ON RRP facility, once the backbone of global liquidity control, has collapsed from 2.55 trillion dollars to 2.4 billion dollars. Verified FRED data,… pic.twitter.com/VjEPhOlCNy — Pumpius (@pumpius) October 26, 2025 Ripple’s XRP Ledger was developed to enable fast, on-demand cross-border settlements. As liquidity leaves traditional holding systems, financial institutions are turning toward more efficient platforms capable of instant value transfer. This growing interest aligns with Ripple’s decade-long effort to integrate settlement solutions into the global banking infrastructure. Economists estimate that the United States faces a $24 to $28 trillion debt rollover between 2025 and 2027. Consequently, market liquidity is being redirected from traditional instruments into digital settlement systems that offer speed and cost efficiency. This trend reflects a deeper structural change in how global finance manages liquidity and settlement. Markets Enter a New Liquidity Phase Financial analysts believe the Federal Reserve’s diminishing control over liquidity signals the start of a new era. As central mechanisms weaken, digital settlement systems like the XRP Ledger are stepping into a central role in value transfer. Market indicators are beginning to lose relevance in the face of this liquidity migration. Institutional attention is now fixed on how digital settlement technologies will reshape financial flows. The global liquidity cycle has shifted, and the next phase of financial infrastructure may already be unfolding through systems built for real-time value exchange. Also Read: Bitcoin Leads Crypto Market Surge as Ethereum and XRP Record Strong Gains The post Fed’s $2.5 Trillion Liquidity Bomb: The XRP Connection Will Shock You appeared first on 36Crypto.

Fed’s $2.5 Trillion Liquidity Bomb: The XRP Connection Will Shock You

2025/10/27 17:39
  • Fed liquidity collapse sparks global shift toward XRP settlement systems.
  • Analysts link $2.5 trillion RRP drain to rising XRP demand.
  • Experts warn liquidity migration marks new phase in digital finance.

According to Pumpius, the Federal Reserve’s $2.5 trillion liquidity framework has collapsed, triggering widespread concern across global markets. Verified FRED data shows that the Fed’s Overnight Reverse Repurchase (ON RRP) facility has plunged from $2.55 trillion to only $2.4 billion. This decline marks the exhaustion of a system that once managed the world’s excess liquidity.


Market observers say this sudden shift means funds once parked in the RRP facility are now flooding into broader financial markets. Bank reserves are currently estimated at $2.93 trillion, nearing the stress point that caused the 2019 repo crisis. Analysts warn that liquidity conditions are tightening rapidly as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) climbs above 4.2%.


RRP Drain Sparks Demand for Real-Time Settlement Assets

Experts note that the RRP collapse has triggered unusual movement across institutional settlement channels. Multiple liquidity desks have reported that as RRP levels drop, the demand for real-time settlement assets such as XRP rises. According to Pumpius, this correlation is not a coincidence but a sign of systemic realignment.


Also Read: Solana Explodes Past $200 as Bitcoin’s Surge Triggers Massive Bull Run


Ripple’s XRP Ledger was developed to enable fast, on-demand cross-border settlements. As liquidity leaves traditional holding systems, financial institutions are turning toward more efficient platforms capable of instant value transfer. This growing interest aligns with Ripple’s decade-long effort to integrate settlement solutions into the global banking infrastructure.


Economists estimate that the United States faces a $24 to $28 trillion debt rollover between 2025 and 2027. Consequently, market liquidity is being redirected from traditional instruments into digital settlement systems that offer speed and cost efficiency. This trend reflects a deeper structural change in how global finance manages liquidity and settlement.


Markets Enter a New Liquidity Phase

Financial analysts believe the Federal Reserve’s diminishing control over liquidity signals the start of a new era. As central mechanisms weaken, digital settlement systems like the XRP Ledger are stepping into a central role in value transfer.


Market indicators are beginning to lose relevance in the face of this liquidity migration. Institutional attention is now fixed on how digital settlement technologies will reshape financial flows. The global liquidity cycle has shifted, and the next phase of financial infrastructure may already be unfolding through systems built for real-time value exchange.


Also Read: Bitcoin Leads Crypto Market Surge as Ethereum and XRP Record Strong Gains


The post Fed’s $2.5 Trillion Liquidity Bomb: The XRP Connection Will Shock You appeared first on 36Crypto.

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Preliminary analysis of the Balancer V2 attack, which resulted in a loss of $120 million.

Preliminary analysis of the Balancer V2 attack, which resulted in a loss of $120 million.

On November 3, the Balancer V2 protocol and its fork projects were attacked on multiple chains, resulting in a serious loss of more than $120 million. BlockSec issued an early warning at the first opportunity [1] and gave a preliminary analysis conclusion [2]. This was a highly complex attack. Our preliminary analysis showed that the root cause was that the attacker manipulated the invariant, thereby distorting the calculation of the price of BPT (Balancer Pool Token) -- that is, the LP token of Balancer Pool -- so that it could profit in a stable pool through a batchSwap operation. Background Information 1. Scaling and Rounding To standardize the decimal places of different tokens, the Balancer contract will: upscale: Upscales the balance and amount to a uniform internal precision before performing the calculation; downscale: Reduces the result to its original precision and performs directional rounding (e.g., inputs are usually rounded up to ensure the pool is not under-filled; output paths are often truncated downwards). Conclusion: Within the same transaction, the asymmetrical rounding direction used in different stages can lead to a systematic slight deviation when executed repeatedly in very small steps. 2. Prices of D and BPT The Balancer V2 protocol’s Composable Stable Pool[3] and the fork protocol were affected by this attack. Stable Pool is used for assets that are expected to maintain a close 1:1 exchange ratio (or be exchanged at a known exchange rate), allowing large exchanges without causing significant price shocks, thereby greatly improving the efficiency of capital utilization between similar or related assets. The pool uses the Stable Math (a Curve-based StableSwap model), where the invariant D represents the pool's "virtual total value". The approximate price of BPT (Pool's LP Token) is: The formula above shows that if D is made smaller on paper (even if no funds are actually withdrawn), the price of BPT will be cheaper. BTP represents the pool share and is used to calculate how many pool reserves can be obtained when withdrawing liquidity. Therefore, if an attacker can obtain more BPT, they can profit when withdrawing liquidity. Attack Analysis Taking an attack transaction on Arbitrum as an example, the batchSwap operation can be divided into three stages: Phase 1: The attacker redeems BPT for the underlying asset to precisely adjust the balance of one of the tokens (cbETH) to a critical point (amount = 9) for rounding. This step sets the stage for the precision loss in the next phase. Phase Two: The attacker uses a carefully crafted quantity (= 8) to swap between another underlying asset (wstETH) and cbETH. Due to rounding down when scaling the token quantity, the calculated Δx is slightly smaller (from 8.918 to 8), causing Δy to be underestimated and the invariant D (derived from Curve's StableSwap model) to be smaller. Since BPT price = D / totalSupply, the BPT price is artificially suppressed. Phase 3: The attackers reverse-swap the underlying assets back to BPT, restoring the balance within the pool while profiting from the depressed price of BPT—acquiring more BPT tokens. Finally, the attacker used another profitable transaction to withdraw liquidity, thereby using the extra BPT to acquire other underlying assets (cbETH and wstETH) in the Pool and thus profit. Attacking the transaction: https://app.blocksec.com/explorer/tx/arbitrum/0x7da32ebc615d0f29a24cacf9d18254bea3a2c730084c690ee40238b1d8b55773 Profitable trades: https://app.blocksec.com/explorer/tx/arbitrum/0x4e5be713d986bcf4afb2ba7362525622acf9c95310bd77cd5911e7ef12d871a9 Reference: [1]https://x.com/Phalcon_xyz/status/1985262010347696312 [2]https://x.com/Phalcon_xyz/status/1985302779263643915 [3]https://docs-v2.balancer.fi/concepts/pools/composable-stable.html
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PANews2025/11/04 14:00